The Muslims Fought Again Whom What Does Vernacular Mean

  • Introduction
    • The term Hinduism
    • General nature of Hinduism
    • The five tensile strands
      • Doctrine
      • Practice
      • Society
      • Story
      • Devotion
    • Key conceptions
      • Veda, Brahmans, and issues of religious authority
      • Doctrine of atman-brahman
      • Karma, samsara, and moksha
      • Dharma and the three paths
      • Ashramasouth: the 4 stages of life
    • Sources of Hinduism
      • Indo-European sources
      • Other sources: the process of "Sanskritization"
    • The prehistoric menses (third and 2nd millennia bce)
      • Indigenous prehistoric organized religion
      • Religion in the Indus valley civilization
      • Survival of archaic religious practices
    • The Vedic period (second millennium–7th century bce)
    • Challenges to Brahmanism (6th–2d century bce)
    • Early Hinduism (2nd century bce–4th century ce)
      • The ascension of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism
      • The development of temples
      • The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
      • Questions of influence on the Mediterranean world
    • The ascension of devotional Hinduism (quaternary–11th century)
    • Hinduism under Islam (11th–19th century)
      • The claiming of Islam and pop religion
      • Temple complexes
      • Sectarian movements
      • Bhakti movements
    • The mod flow (from the 19th century)
      • Hindu reform movements
        • Brahmo Samaj
        • Arya Samaj
      • New religious movements
        • Ramakrishna Mission
        • Theosophical Society
        • Aurobindo Ashram
        • Other reform movements
      • The struggle for independence
        • Mahatma Gandhi
        • The religious situation subsequently independence
      • Hinduism outside India
    • Vedas
      • Importance of the Vedas
      • The components of the Vedas
      • The Rigveda
      • Elaborations of text and ritual: the subsequently Vedas
        • The Yajurveda and Samaveda
        • The Atharvaveda
      • The Brahmanas and Aranyakas
      • Vedic religion
        • Cosmogony and cosmology
        • Theology
        • Ethical and social doctrines
        • The sacred: nature, humanity, and God
        • Vedic and Brahmanic rites
      • The Upanishads
    • Sutras, shastras, and smritisouthward
      • The Vedangas
      • Dharma-sutras and Dharma-shastras
      • Smriti texts
    • Epics and Puranas
      • The Ramayana
      • The Mahabharata
      • The Bhagavadgita
      • The Puranas
        • Cosmogony
        • Cosmology
      • Myths of fourth dimension and eternity
      • Stories of the gods
    • Vaishnavism and Shaivism
      • Vaishnavism
      • Shaivism
      • Narratives of culture heroes
      • Myths of holy rivers and holy places
    • Philosophical texts
      • Mysticism
      • Philosophical sutras and the rise of the Six Schools of philosophy
    • Tantrism
      • Tantric traditions and Shaktism
        • Shaiva Agamas
        • Vaishnava Samhitas
        • Shakta Tantras
      • Nature of Tantric tradition
      • Tantric and Shakta views of nature, humanity, and the sacred
      • Tantric ritual and magical practices
      • Tantric and Shakta ethical and social doctrines
    • Vernacular literatures
    • Devotion
    • Deities
    • Worship
    • Divination, spirit possession, and healing
    • Women'southward religious practices
    • Pilgrimage
    • Cede and worship
      • Domestic rites
        • Samskaras: rites of passage
        • Daily offerings
        • Other private rites
      • Temple worship
      • Shaiva rites
      • Vaishnava rites
    • Sacred times and festivals
    • Ritual and social condition
      • Social construction
      • Castes
      • Social protestation
      • Renunciants and the rejection of social guild
    • Religious orders and holy men
      • Initiation
      • Yoga
      • Sectarian symbols
    • Cultural expressions: visual arts, theatre, and dance
      • Types of symbols
        • Yantra and mandala
        • Lingam and yoni
        • Visual theology in icons
      • The arts
        • Religious principles in sculpture and painting
        • Religious organization of sacred compages
        • Theatre and dance
    • Hinduism and religions of Indian origin
    • Hinduism and Islam
    • Hinduism and Christianity
    • Diasporic Hinduism

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Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/Hinduism-and-Islam

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